12:00
: And away we go!
12:01
: What would the Mets have to surrender to get Stop – if he’s obtainable?
12:02
Dan Szymborski: I believe the nearer we get to the season, the extra the Padres will grasp onto him.
12:03
Dan Szymborski: The Mets would definitely have to surrender one thing actual. YOu can in all probability fatten the provide a bit with guys the Padres have extra cause to love than the Mets.
12:04
Dan Szymborski: Like Clifford, who might be extra helpful to San Diego, however you’re not going to land him with JUST Clifford
12:04
Dan Szymborski: I kinda get the concept the mets are happyw ith their rotation, and never prone to meet a wealthy worth
12:04
: Prime 500 ZiPS, Prime 500 ZiPS, Prime 500 ZiPS!
It’s all of the individuals are clamoring for, Dan! (however for actual, thanks as all the time for the ZiPS view into prospects). It could be cool to interrupt down the offensive vs defensive cut up between the WAR for the gamers on the highest 100. And even higher, doing a ‘instruments’ breakdown the place we are able to see how the ZiPS creator thinks every prospect will earn his stripes in an analogous method to the scouting breakdowns (Hit/energy/velocity/protection).
Cheers!
12:04
Dan Szymborski: I don’t like doing the entire 500 as a result of the farther down you go, the much less significant the variations are abetween the prospects
12:05
Dan Szymborski: And simply from a projection standpoint, I don’t like utilizing ZiPS for issues that I don’t assume ZiPS offers worth for
12:05
: Taking a look at some pitching prospects that missed your high 100 however appear to venture effectively by ZiPS 26/27: why did Lucas Braun, Noah Cameron, Joe Rock, Braxton Ashcroft, Thomas Harrington, Chad Patrick, Logan Henderson, and KC Hunt miss? How far down the record are they and will you see any of them pushing into high 100 territory this yr?
12:05
Dan Szymborski: I can’t converse for every participant! It’s normally a operate of the upside/draw back projections
12:06
Dan Szymborski: I believe it was 2020, I began utilizing 80/20 common as an alternative of fifty, since I felt the record was *too* proud of decrease ceiling, excessive flooring guys
12:07
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS could also be math, however defining what a “high prospect” *means* is philosophical
12:07
: Hey Dan! Thanks for these chats, they’re superior. In an public sale keeper league (3 yr keepers), is it usually okay to maintain guys at price or just a little larger? Do I retain a $36 Lindor (projections say he’ll be value $33), or do I throw him again and hope to make use of that cap house to draft a discount (perhaps even Lindor once more at a less expensive worth)? How agency ought to I persist with my preseason projected values?! Thanks!
12:08
Dan Szymborski: It actually will depend on who truly you’d realistically be capable of get beneath your keeper guidelines
12:10
Dan Szymborski: However simply talking so generically, given the expertise on the high and the depth of shortstop, I could be inclined to re-use that cap house
12:10
Dan Szymborski: particularly if it didn’t seem like my workforce was robust sufficient to compete
12:11
Dan Szymborski: Like, would McLain at half the value provide you with sufficient cash to get somebody you want?
12:11
Dan Szymborski: That’s one thing it’s important to think about
12:11
: There are a couple of gamers like Hyeseong Kim who seem within the ZiPS DC projection, however not the common ZiPS. Is there a lot of a distinction within the projections in these areas and/or is there an replace coming?
12:11
Dan Szymborski: If the participant doesn’t have common ZiPS projection, the DC one is an odd database error
12:12
Dan Szymborski: I’ve to look into it extra; I by accident didn’t give Sasaki and Kim, they usually had bizarre ZiPS DC projections that didn’t have an effect on the depth chart proejctions in any respect
12:13
Dan Szymborski: 
12:13
Dan Szymborski: that’s kim
12:13
: Hello Dan, do you will have a favourite snack meals?
12:13
Dan Szymborski: I are likely to not be a snacker
12:13
Dan Szymborski: however my favourite snacks can be Cool Ranch Doritos and both Utz Crab or Salt & Vinegar chips
12:13
Dan Szymborski: sweet, principally simply Bitter Patch Children
12:14
Dan Szymborski: however I principally don’t deal with myself. I’m a fatass WITH a fairly nutritious diet
12:14
: Might you give a fast clarification of the variations between Zips & Zips DC? Thanks.
12:14
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS DC is simply ZiPS pro-rated to whateve’rs on the depth charts on the time
12:14
: Dan, thx for the good work as all the time. Any easy-to-share ideas on the again half of the highest 100 SS? What makes Nachoooooooooooooooo so thrilling to zips? Does it discover Freeland’s rise to be a bit too sudden?
12:14
Dan Szymborski: For one, ZiPS doesn’t share the assumption across the league that he’s not an excellent defensive SS
12:15
: With Horowitz out for in all probability the primary month or 2 of the season for the Pirates, who will get the vast majority of the enjoying time at 1B?
12:15
Dan Szymborski: Because it doesn’t appear to be REynolds, they in all probability simply throw Triolo or somebody there early
12:16
: Have you learnt why precisely Ben Rice has the worst defensive projection of all gamers in baseball? Is it simply because he’s new to 1B or is there one thing based mostly in his play there that ZiPS doesn’t like
12:16
Dan Szymborski: The likelihood/coordinate technique I take advantage of within the minors REALLY hates his protection
12:16
: I used to be shocked to see Drake Baldwin exterior of ZIPs high 200 prospects when he’s FGs 11 ranked prospect. Is there some purple flag along with his profile the pc is seeing?
12:16
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS simply doesn’t see his UPSIDE as excessive. He’d rank so much larger simply doing fiftieth percentile
12:17
Dan Szymborski: And like all of the catchers, he takes successful from being a catcher
12:17
Dan Szymborski: As a result of catchers have a LOT of blow-up potential
12:17
: Is ZiPS a bit behind on Drake Baldwin? Looks as if the consensus is far larger than projections
12:17
Dan Szymborski: It would, it may not be. Solely time can inform
12:17
: Colt Keith over Spencer Torkelson at 1B for Detroit based mostly on Zips manufacturing (for my factors league) however how weak is Keith to an in-season improve through commerce iyo?
12:17
Dan Szymborski: I believe he’s pretty solvable
12:17
: Have you ever ever appeared into how BaseballTradeValues does participant values? It seems to be like they take a really related strategy to ZiPS, however in addition they appear to get extra warmth than ZiPS does.
12:18
Dan Szymborski: They get extra warmth becuase they’ve a one measurement suits all software that everybody digs aside!
12:18
Dan Szymborski: I solely do a commerce piece like every year, and that edefinitely will get folks mad at me
12:18
: Do you propose to make use of/at present use stuff+ in ZiPS pitcher projections? If not, would you slightly construct your personal or simply embody an exterior mannequin?
12:19
Dan Szymborski: I’ve my very own factor I take advantage of as a result of it’s simpler for me to check projection interactions
12:19
Dan Szymborski: Principally any mannequin in ZiPS is one I’ve put collectively. It appears like dishonest to make use of the enter of others
12:19
Dan Szymborski: And after I management the mannequin for one thing, I can even calibrate it myself
12:20
Dan Szymborski: I don’t publish my very own stuff numbers (I internally name it Ztuff), since I believe the confusion of yet one more quantity on the market outweighs the potential achieve
12:20
Dan Szymborski: which is why I solely use zWAR for inner and the ZiPS rudnowns
12:21
: Whats up – you’ve talked about previously chats that median projections are principally solved / there’s not an enormous quantity of variance. Studying the zips high 100, I’m questioning does this go for prospect projections as effectively (and KBO/NPB)? Or is there extra variance there?
12:21
Dan Szymborski: That’s onerous to say just because I don’t assume different projectioniers are doing their very own high 100!
12:21
: Why aren’t extra groups enthusiastic about Yoshida? It could resolve a variety of Crimson Sox lineup issues.
12:21
Dan Szymborski: DH solely tends to scare away groups until they’re CERTAIN in regards to the offense
12:22
: Hey Dan! The Cubs simply DFA’d Canario, and I’m unreasonably upset about it (primarily as a result of I’m indignant another time that Ross didn’t play him in 2023 to see what he may very well be). I get that he’s a 40-45fv man, however I’d slightly roster a 24yo energy man than the smoldering corpse of Justin Turner. What do you (and ZiPS) assume?
12:22
Dan Szymborski: It’s not a lot Turner that bothers me
12:24
Dan Szymborski: However do you REALLY want Hollowell, when the choice is dropping Canario?
12:25
: For those who have been the White Sox, would you commerce Luis Robert proper now or would you are taking the chance that he’ll be again to kind and also you may get a greater bundle on the commerce deadline?
12:25
Dan Szymborski: It’s onerous to say since I don’t know what the precise presents ARE
12:25
: What statistics does ZiPS optimize for? e.g. is it extra correct for PA, BA, HR, and so forth.? And the way does it create the 20/80 percentile outcomes?
12:25
Dan Szymborski: I most care about getting the OPS+/wRC+ and the ERA+/FIP proper
12:25
Dan Szymborski: plus D
12:25
: Does ZiPS use strikeout park components, BIP splits (lefty/proper/HR/triple/double/single/outs), or one thing much more nice? Has T-Cell made you think about including extra park components?
12:26
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS makes use of the BIP splits lefty and righty nevertheless it additionally has an algorithm for park issue/pull-spray tendency interactions
12:26
: Enjoyable projection concept: in your season simulation, midway by the simulation, re-project gamers, and re-weight enjoying time by the brand new projection. In idea, this is able to enhance groups with extra depth (although I think about it could take some time to run)
12:26
Dan Szymborski: I kinda hope that the methodology I take advantage of hits depth fairly effectively and that’s already fairly workload intensive!
12:27
: Along with your zips prospect record, with a man like Caissie for instance, when zips has him fairly excessive within the high 100 however fan graphs has him off their record, what’s the massive distinction? Zips his energy manufacturing within the minors whereas Eric is utilizing conventional scouting that has him scared in regards to the swing and miss?
12:28
Dan Szymborski: It could be fairly presumptuous for me to invest on precisely how Eric feels! ZiPS might be a fan of the hulk smash guys than most scouting guys are
12:28
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS was the very best on Decide and Alonso and likewise Bryce Eldridge
12:28
: Do you assume he will get moved on the deadline? As a yankees fan I can’t cease hoping he may need to be a part of Goldschmidt
12:29
Dan Szymborski: Will depend on the state of affairs. It’s a chance
12:29
: Does the Zips projection change a lot for Pivetta with him shifting to SD? Final yr SD allowed fairly a couple of HRs and he’s a flyball man…
12:29
Dan Szymborski: A bit. His projection in there needs to be SD!
12:29
: For those who ever get again to doing ZiPS Time Warps, are you able to please what-if Chuck Knoblauch by no means leaving Minnesota or getting the YiPS?
12:29
: How do you stability your writing obligations with life? Like when there are holidays do you “take off” and simply determine you’re not going to consider baseball or concepts? Or is it way more fluid and also you’ve come to peace with understanding some days you’ll have it and a few days you gained’t and simply being nice with it?
12:29
Dan Szymborski: Query one? Fairly poorly truly.
12:30
Dan Szymborski: The very fact is, baseball has been considered one of my major pursuits since I used to be 4
12:30
Dan Szymborski: In kindergarten and first grade, I take advantage of to fill otu these black and white composition books with stats
12:30
Dan Szymborski: So the reality is, I’m by no means actually FULLY off
12:32
Dan Szymborski: That’s one cause video video games are an excellent informal exercise for me, as a result of it’s one thing that’s REALLY onerous for me to multitask until it’s an RPG
12:32
Dan Szymborski: Like most of my TV watching will finish with me doing work and kinda listening to the TV
12:32
: I, such as you, have a fairly internet-dependent job. Do you ever take into consideration what you’d do within the case of a worldwide web outage? I believe I’d should get like, a job stocking cabinets or one thing.
12:32
Dan Szymborski: Relies upon how lengthy this web outage is!
12:33
Dan Szymborski: If we’re speaking quite a lot of years, I’d have to vary fields
12:33
: I for one would like to examine zstuff, notably in the event you can calculate it in excel!
12:33
Dan Szymborski: I’d write some this winter
12:33
: Since a workforce that scores 700 runs and permits 600 has the next projected profitable % than one which scores 800 and permits 700, aren’t runs prevented a tiny bit extra priceless than runs scored? Does that make sufficient of a distinction to vary how we view pitchers versus batters worth?
12:34
Dan Szymborski: It’s not sufficient of a distinction; it’s principally only a quirk in a easy mannequin slightly than something useful
12:34
: How does ZiPS consider first basemen within the minors? Is there receiving credit score?
12:35
Dan Szymborski: One thing like scoops is out of ZiPS ken. It’s onerous sufficient to do within the majors (and even then, only some runs somehow and fairly unstable)
12:37
Dan Szymborski: However for example, on grounders, I do know the path of each ball hit
12:38
Dan Szymborski: For instance, the grounds almost certainly to turn into outs, in MLB and hte minors
12:39
Dan Szymborski: are these hit (with straight up by second base as 0 levels) 16 levels (90.1%), 15 levels (89.9%)`, 17 levels (89.7%), 14 levels (89.5%), -17 levels (89.4%), -16 levels (89.3%), and so forth
12:41
Dan Szymborski: whiel the grounders with the bottom probability of being outs are the three levels closest to first, the three levels closest to 3rd, then 0 and one diploma on both sice of second
12:44
Dan Szymborski: 
12:44
: Hey Dan, it’s Joe from BlueSky, the one pestering you with all of the ramen content material. In any case, ZiPS appears to have a crush on Owen Caissie and would identical to to get some context on that. Caissie doesn’t appear to have the caliber glove (per current experiences) that your mannequin loves, so I take it the mannequin is extra bullish on him chopping his ok fee and actualizing his peak? Thanks for every part you do Dan, as all the time.
12:45
Dan Szymborski: Ok fee is overrate for good offensive gamers
12:45
Dan Szymborski: within the minors
12:45
Dan Szymborski: I name this the Kris Bryant Rule
12:45
Dan Szymborski: Now, Caissie’s not projected to be anyplace pretty much as good as Bryant
12:45
Dan Szymborski: however the precept is identical
12:46
Dan Szymborski: One of many largest dangers for an offense-first prospect is *passivity*
12:46
Dan Szymborski: Good offensive prospects are hitting effectively towards minor league pitchers (or they wouldn’t be good offensive prospects)
12:47
Dan Szymborski: they’re *incentivized* to place the ball in play and minor league pitchers are giving them extra hittable crap than MLB ones would
12:47
Dan Szymborski: I take advantage of Bryant as a result of after the aggressive projections, lots of people in chat identified that he struck out so much within the minors
12:48
Dan Szymborski: Now, you need guys making contact
12:48
Dan Szymborski: nevertheless it’s simply LESS of an enormous deal for good hitters
12:48
Dan Szymborski: And whether or not or not Caissie tightens issues up towards MLB pitchers, that’s one of many issues that may decide what he finally ends up being
12:49
: When can we anticipate Fangraphs to have an equal BaseballTradeValues sort software?
12:49
Dan Szymborski: Not anytime quickly, if ever, I don’t think about
12:49
Dan Szymborski: I dont’ assume that’s a precedence and we’ve got a variety of different stuff to work on
12:49
: My cat has taken to nibbling on any textile that has a glimmer of meals: tea towels, tablecloths, sweater sleeves. What’s her Zips MLB GM comp? Is she an Elias, nibbling on the perimeters, guaranteeing that the ultimate object continues to be good however not appropriate for the World Sequence? A Brian O’Halloran, opportunistically getting hers even when it means taking up some linen-based bloat? Or a Friedman, who simply thinks every part on the market belongs to her?
12:50
Dan Szymborski: Preller perhaps? He’s all the time doing SOMETHING even when not all the time good
12:50
: Who’s your decide for the yearly “man who runs a 1.000 OPS in spring coaching after which brutally stabs his unrealistic fantasy homeowners within the again when actual video games begin” award? Properly name this the Akil Baddoo Switcheroo
12:51
Dan Szymborski: Ah, but when we might predict the spring man, then he woudln’t be the spring man!
12:51
: Simply curious, does ZiPs use AFL knowledge with prospects? Or purely minor league common season?
12:51
Dan Szymborski: As with faculty knowledge, solely when it actually HAS TO
12:51
: Ought to the Cubs signal Trevor Bauer?
12:51
Dan Szymborski: No
12:51
: Is it embarrassing I hope I imagine that Michael McGreevy could be a Kyle Gibson sort? I see room for him to be a stable 5 within the majors. Ideas?
12:51
Dan Szymborski: Nothing unsuitable with consuming innings
12:51
Dan Szymborski: Most baseball gamers aren’t nice ones
12:52
Dan Szymborski: I’m not going to win a BBWAA lifetime achievement award
12:52
Dan Szymborski: A lot of the eating places you’re keen on close to you aren’t getting Michelin stars
12:52
: What does ZiPS seem like? Something like WOPR from Battle Video games?
12:54
Dan Szymborski: 
12:55
Dan Szymborski: Except I’m making the backup server crunch numbers (which I often do)
12:55
Dan Szymborski: 
12:55
: NOMB…is ZIPS your foremost supply of earnings? REALLY NOMB…..is your annual earnings> $100K.
12:56
Dan Szymborski: Not going into element, however FanGraphs is my major employer.
12:56
Dan Szymborski: I write so much too!
12:56
: How would you kind the Crimson Sox’s rising positional farrago?
12:56
Dan Szymborski: In a approach that might make Rafael Devers actually pissed at me
12:56
: Have you learnt if we’ll get faculty leaderboards now that a few of these faculty knowledge are on FG?
12:56
Dan Szymborski: Undecided, I can ask
12:56
: what odds would it’s important to get to place $100 on your self profitable a BBWAA liftime achivement award? I imagine in you, I’d do it for 10,000 to 1!
12:56
Dan Szymborski: 300-to-1
12:57
: Cherished seeing ZiPS so excessive on Cole Younger. His manufacturing over his final 46 video games age 20 in AA was similar to Jackson Merrill’s 46 recreation manufacturing a yr earlier than on the similar age in the identical league. (323/.433/.437/.870 for Younger; .273/.338/.444/.782 for Merrill). Does ZiPS think about that latest of a comp?
12:57
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS will discover the comp, but when there’s restricted or no knowledge after the comp yr, it gained’t use the participant
12:58
: For those who might construct a participant that ZiPS can be completely in love with whereas nonetheless being “beneath the radar” by extra conventional assessments, what would that participant’s skillset seem like?
12:58
Dan Szymborski: barely older, higher defensive numbers than you’d anticipate from their athleticism,
12:59
: With 2023, 2024, potential 2025 free brokers, when their stats come up in an article most authors embody a caveat for the 60 recreation 2020 season. Do you assume that caveat will cease showing in our lifetimes?
12:59
Dan Szymborski: It’ll fade away, besides when a man is near a milestone
12:59
Dan Szymborski: and it makes a distinction
12:59
: Would you be prepared to share a ZIPS projection for Tucker or Vlad’s subsequent contract?
12:59
Dan Szymborski: I’m doing a Vlad piece for MOnday!
12:59
: do baseball groups do the Wonderlic take a look at?
1:00
Dan Szymborski: I haven’t heard of them doing it, however that’s not likely a aspect that I get entangled in
1:00
: one other q about how you’re employed… once you do consulting for groups, are you identical to, “certain! beep boop beep!” and then you definitely print out what zips provides you? Or are you making important algorithmic / output choices which can be significantly extra work than your day after day?
1:00
Dan Szymborski: It’s a really difficult state of affairs, so 20 years in the past, I needed to make the choice to be very strict with confidentiality wall
1:02
Dan Szymborski: I merely report the precise factor that’s requested and supply the report. I don’t provide any opinions or recommendation and even any advising of what knowledge somebody *ought to* get, each workforce will get the identical fee as each different workforce with all requests accepted, each player-agent will get the identical fee as each different player-agent
1:04
Dan Szymborski: I don’t make gross sales pitches, and every part I do, apart from the required IRS reporting, I take to the grave.
1:05
Dan Szymborski: And this has labored out effectively over time. I’ve offered *one thing* to greater than half the groups. My very best can be to do every part fully blind, however folks in entrance places of work need to speak to me, not a intermediary consultant
1:07
Dan Szymborski: One exception on the identical fee: I don’t cost gamers who are usually not on a 40-man roster or an MLB free agent for primary long-term projections.
1:09
: Sox ought to have had made certain Devers was okay with transfer to 1B earlier than signing Bregman, proper? Except they commerce from their place participant surplus the workforce is finest with Bregman at third.
1:09
Dan Szymborski: I’d undoubtedly prefer to have been a fly on the wall and see what discussions are
1:09
: Have you ever ever in contrast ZIPS projections towards actual world numbers and if that’s the case, how have been the outcomes?
1:09
Dan Szymborski: On a regular basis!
1:10
Dan Szymborski: 
1:10
Dan Szymborski: Hey, rightclicking a picture in Twitter truly goes to the picture now, not the tweet!
1:11
: I’ve uncovered that a lot of the baseball gamers in your database are literally over 100 years previous. Some are even 150 years previous. You guys higher tighten issues up
1:11
: You mentioned earlier that ZiPS turns into much less helpful the farther down you go. Might you do a ZiPs Prime 5 Prospect by workforce?
1:11
Dan Szymborski: I COULD. I’d do high 200 final yr since so many individuals need them
1:11
: Nolan Ryan pitched 332 innings of sub 3 ERA and FIP in 1974 however is barely credited with 6.3 WAR. What provides?
1:12
Dan Szymborski: keep in mind, 1974 was a 3.63 FIP league
1:13
Dan Szymborski: And Angels Stadium was a pitchers park in that period
1:14
: Why are pulled barrels higher than sprayed barrels? Isn’t the purpose of a barrel that it’s the identical EV and angle regardless? I heard this from Eno
1:14
Dan Szymborski: I erally should see the context
1:14
: Ever performed OOTP?
1:14
Dan Szymborski: Sure’
1:15
Dan Szymborski: And so they construct the scores off the ZiPS projections!
1:15
: Is there any profit to Bluesky or is it only a political desire?
1:15
Dan Szymborski: I take advantage of each Twitter and Bluesky
1:16
Dan Szymborski: I’m hoping all of the left-wingers and right-wingers kind themselves out amongst Blue Sky and Twitter effectively to make it simpler to disregard
1:16
: How do you talk with the opposite Fangraphs people?
1:16
Dan Szymborski: The identical approach most individuals do?
1:16
Dan Szymborski: I don’t do telepathy
1:16
: Actually just like the Nats Soroka signing pondering it may very well be the 25 model of Sale,R Lopez ideas?
1:16
Dan Szymborski: Meh
1:17
Dan Szymborski: However whether it is, you may come again right here and crow about it for certain!
1:17
: So the Nolan Ryan that is simply because relative to his piers it wasn’t as spectacular as it could be at present?
1:17
Dan Szymborski: It was only a decrease offensive surroundings
1:17
: I used to be shocked to not see JJ Wetherholt within the ZiPS 100. He appears to be a consensus high 50-ish propspect throughout rankings. What does your pc see in a different way?
1:17
Dan Szymborski: Guys with little skilled expertise take an enormous hit in projections
1:18
Dan Szymborski: ZiPS was unusually constructive final yr about Langford
1:18
Dan Szymborski: Crews took an enormous related hit final yr
1:18
: The Orioles are spending $75M this yr on their bench, 4/5 starters, three center relievers, and AAA depth. I don’t know what to say, it’s simply so dumb in contrast after being too poor to maintain Burnes or Santander or lengthen actually anybody
1:18
Dan Szymborski: I might not have stored Santander, however I certain woudl have gone after Burnes
1:18
: FYI – The brand new Adam Sandler film “Spaceman” is totally horrible. Don’t waste your time.
1:19
: Nolan Ryan: Yeah, however the innings
1:19
Dan Szymborski: WAR takes into consideration innings
1:19
: Might MLB or the opposite homeowners ever pressure or “persuade” Bob Nutting to promote the Pirates? He’s all the time been low-cost and unpopular, nevertheless it appears like each have reached new heights, particularly given the expertise on the roster.
1:19
Dan Szymborski: I imply they COULD however they gained’t
1:20
Dan Szymborski: Even Wilpons weren’t truly compelled by MLB
1:20
Dan Szymborski: They let Jeff Loria have a SECOND workforce
1:21
Dan Szymborski: On that observe, it’s time for me to go out for one more week
1:21
Dan Szymborski: Thanks for coming everybody!
Dan Szymborski is a senior author for FanGraphs and the developer of the ZiPS projection system. He was a author for ESPN.com from 2010-2018, an everyday visitor on a lot of radio exhibits and podcasts, and a voting BBWAA member. He additionally maintains a horrible Twitter account at @DSzymborski.
